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Thursday, April 12, 2012

Data NMEA GPS


Global Positioning System (GPS) atau sistem pemosisi global adalah sistem untuk menentukan posisi di permukaan bumi dengan bantuan sinkronisasi sinyal satelit. Sistem ini menggunakan 24 satelit yang mengirimkan sinyal gelombang mikro ke Bumi. Sinyal ini diterima oleh alat penerima di permukaan, dan digunakan untuk menentukan posisi, kecepatan, arah, dan waktu.
Secara fisik GPS Receiver berupa integrated circuit (IC) dan dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kepentingan, misalnya pada mobil, kapal, pesawat terbang, pertanian dan lain-lain. GPS receiver dapat diintegrasikan dengan komputer, laptop atau perangkat lain. GPS Receiver memiliki output standar yang berisi informasi yang berhubungan dengan data-data geografi. Standar format informasi tersebut diberi nama NMEA-0183.
NMEA-0183 adalah standar kalimat laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh GPS receiver. Standar NMEA memiliki banyak jenis bentuk kalimat laporan, di antaranya :
$GPGGA
Global positioning system fixed data
$GPGLL
Geographic position - latitude / longitude
$GPGSA
GNSS DOP and active satellites
$GPGSV
GNSS satellites in view
$GPRMC
Recommended minimum specific GNSS data
$GPVTG
Course over ground and ground speed

a.        $GPGGA

Contoh datanya : $GPGGA,092204.999,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,1,04,24.4,19.7,M,,,,0000*1F

Tabel 2.2 $GPGGA


Field
Contoh isi
Deskripsi
Sentence ID
$GPGGA
UTC Time
092204.999
hhmmss.sss
Latitude
4250.5589
ddmm.mmmm
N/S Indicator
S
N = North, S = South
Longitude
14718.5084
dddmm.mmmm
E/W Indicator
E
E = East, W = West
Position Fix
1
0 = Invalid, 1 = Valid SPS, 2 = Valid DGPS, 3 = Valid PPS
Satellites Used
04
Satellites being used (0-12)
HDOP
24.4
Horizontal dilution of precision
Altitude
19.7
Altitude in meters according to WGS-84 ellipsoid
Altitude Units
M
M = Meters
Geoid Seperation

Geoid seperation in meters according to WGS-84 ellipsoid
Seperation Units

M = Meters
DGPS Age

Age of DGPS data in seconds
DGPS Station ID
0000

Checksum
*1F

Terminator
CR/LF


b.      $GPGLL

Contoh datanya : $GPGLL,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,092204.999,A*2D

Tabel 2.3 $GPGLL


Field
Contoh isi
Deskripsi
Sentence ID
$GPGLL
Latitude
4250.5589
ddmm.mmmm
N/S Indicator
S
N = North, S = South
Longitude
14718.5084
dddmm.mmmm
E/W Indicator
E
E = East, W = West
UTC Time
092204.999
hhmmss.sss
Status
A
A = Valid, V = Invalid
Checksum
*2D

Terminator
CR/LF


c.        $GPGSA


Contoh  datanya: $GPGSA,A,3,01,20,19,13,,,,,,,,,40.4,24.4,32.2*0A

Tabel 2.4 $GPGSA

Field
Contoh isi
Deskripsi
Sentence ID
$GPGSA

Mode 1
A
A = Auto 2D/3D, M = Forced 2D/3D
Mode 1
3
1 = No fix, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D
Satellite used 1
01
Satellite used on channel 1
Satellite used 2
20
Satellite used on channel 2
Satellite used 3
19
Satellite used on channel 3
Satellite used 4
13
Satellite used on channel 4
Satellite used 5

Satellite used on channel 5
Satellite used 6

Satellite used on channel 6
Satellite used 7

Satellite used on channel 7
Satellite used 8

Satellite used on channel 8
Satellite used 9

Satellite used on channel 9
Satellite used 10

Satellite used on channel 10
Satellite used 11

Satellite used on channel 11
Satellite used 12

Satellite used on channel 12
PDOP
40.4
Position dilution of precision
HDOP
24.4
Horizontal dilution of precision
VDOP
32.2
Vertical dilution of precision
Checksum
*0A

Terminator
CR/LF


d.      $GPGSV


Contoh:GPGSV,3,1,10,20,78,331,45,01,59,235,47,22,41,069,,13,32,252,45*70

Tabel 2.5 $GPGSV


Field
Contoh isi
Deskripsi
Sentence ID
$GPGSV

Number of messages
3
Number of messages in complete message (1-3)
Sequence number
1
Sequence number of this entry (1-3)
Satellites in view
10

Satellite ID 1
20
Range is 1-32
Elevation 1
78
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 1
331
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 1
45
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Satellite ID 2
01
Range is 1-32
Elevation 2
59
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 2
235
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 2
47
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Satellite ID 3
22
Range is 1-32
Elevation 3
41
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 3
069
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 3

Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Satellite ID 4
13
Range is 1-32
Elevation 4
32
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 4
252
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 4
45
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Checksum
*70

Terminator
CR/LF


e.      $GPRMC


Contoh datanya: $GPRMC,092204.999,A,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,0.00,89.68,211200,,*25

Tabel 2.6 $GPRMC

Field
Contoh isi
Deskripsi
Sentence ID
$GPRMC

UTC Time
092204.999
hhmmss.sss
Status
A
A = Valid, V = Invalid
Latitude
4250.5589
ddmm.mmmm
N/S Indicator
S
N = North, S = South
Longitude
14718.5084
dddmm.mmmm
E/W Indicator
E
E = East, W = West
Speed over ground
0.00
Knots
Course over ground
0.00
Degrees
UTC Date
211200
DDMMYY
Magnetic variation

Degrees
Checksum
*25

Terminator
CR/LF



a.      $GPVTG

Contoh datanya : $GPVTG,89.68,T,,M,0.00,N,0.0,K*5F

Tabel 2.7 $GPVTG


Field
Contoh isi
Deskripsi
Sentence ID
$GPVTG

Course
89.68
Course in degrees
Reference
89.68
T = True heading
Course

Course in degrees
Reference
89.68
M = Magnetic heading
Speed
0.00
Horizontal speed
Units
N
N = Knots
Speed
0.00
Horizontal speed
Units
K
K = KM/h
Checksum
*5F

Terminator
CR/LF


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