Data NMEA GPS

Global Positioning System (GPS) atau sistem pemosisi global adalah sistem untuk menentukan posisi di permukaan bumi dengan bantuan sinkronisasi sinyal satelit. Sistem ini menggunakan 24 satelit yang mengirimkan sinyal gelombang mikro ke Bumi. Sinyal ini diterima oleh alat penerima di permukaan, dan digunakan untuk menentukan posisi, kecepatan, arah, dan waktu.

Secara fisik GPS Receiver berupa integrated circuit (IC) dan dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kepentingan, misalnya pada mobil, kapal, pesawat terbang, pertanian dan lain-lain. GPS receiver dapat diintegrasikan dengan komputer, laptop atau perangkat lain. GPS Receiver memiliki output standar yang berisi informasi yang berhubungan dengan data-data geografi. Standar format informasi tersebut diberi nama NMEA-0183.

NMEA-0183 adalah standar kalimat laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh GPS receiver. Standar NMEA memiliki banyak jenis bentuk kalimat laporan, di antaranya :

$GPGGA	Global positioning system fixed data
$GPGLL	Geographic position - latitude / longitude
$GPGSA	GNSS DOP and active satellites
$GPGSV	GNSS satellites in view
$GPRMC	Recommended minimum specific GNSS data
$GPVTG	Course over ground and ground speed

a.        $GPGGA

Contoh datanya : $GPGGA,092204.999,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,1,04,24.4,19.7,M,,,,0000*1F

Tabel 2.2 $GPGGA

Field	Contoh isi	Deskripsi
Sentence ID	$GPGGA
UTC Time	092204.999	hhmmss.sss
Latitude	4250.5589	ddmm.mmmm
N/S Indicator	S	N = North, S = South
Longitude	14718.5084	dddmm.mmmm
E/W Indicator	E	E = East, W = West
Position Fix	1	0 = Invalid, 1 = Valid SPS, 2 = Valid DGPS, 3 = Valid PPS
Satellites Used	04	Satellites being used (0-12)
HDOP	24.4	Horizontal dilution of precision
Altitude	19.7	Altitude in meters according to WGS-84 ellipsoid
Altitude Units	M	M = Meters
Geoid Seperation		Geoid seperation in meters according to WGS-84 ellipsoid
Seperation Units		M = Meters
DGPS Age		Age of DGPS data in seconds
DGPS Station ID	0000
Checksum	*1F
Terminator	CR/LF

b.      $GPGLL

Contoh datanya : $GPGLL,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,092204.999,A*2D

Tabel 2.3 $GPGLL

Field	Contoh isi	Deskripsi
Sentence ID	$GPGLL
Latitude	4250.5589	ddmm.mmmm
N/S Indicator	S	N = North, S = South
Longitude	14718.5084	dddmm.mmmm
E/W Indicator	E	E = East, W = West
UTC Time	092204.999	hhmmss.sss
Status	A	A = Valid, V = Invalid
Checksum	*2D
Terminator	CR/LF

c.        $GPGSA

Contoh  datanya: $GPGSA,A,3,01,20,19,13,,,,,,,,,40.4,24.4,32.2*0A

Tabel 2.4 $GPGSA

Field	Contoh isi	Deskripsi
Sentence ID	$GPGSA
Mode 1	A	A = Auto 2D/3D, M = Forced 2D/3D
Mode 1	3	1 = No fix, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D
Satellite used 1	01	Satellite used on channel 1
Satellite used 2	20	Satellite used on channel 2
Satellite used 3	19	Satellite used on channel 3
Satellite used 4	13	Satellite used on channel 4
Satellite used 5		Satellite used on channel 5
Satellite used 6		Satellite used on channel 6
Satellite used 7		Satellite used on channel 7
Satellite used 8		Satellite used on channel 8
Satellite used 9		Satellite used on channel 9
Satellite used 10		Satellite used on channel 10
Satellite used 11		Satellite used on channel 11
Satellite used 12		Satellite used on channel 12
PDOP	40.4	Position dilution of precision
HDOP	24.4	Horizontal dilution of precision
VDOP	32.2	Vertical dilution of precision
Checksum	*0A
Terminator	CR/LF

d.      $GPGSV

Contoh:GPGSV,3,1,10,20,78,331,45,01,59,235,47,22,41,069,,13,32,252,45*70

Tabel 2.5 $GPGSV

Field	Contoh isi	Deskripsi
Sentence ID	$GPGSV
Number of messages	3	Number of messages in complete message (1-3)
Sequence number	1	Sequence number of this entry (1-3)
Satellites in view	10
Satellite ID 1	20	Range is 1-32
Elevation 1	78	Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 1	331	Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 1	45	Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Satellite ID 2	01	Range is 1-32
Elevation 2	59	Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 2	235	Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 2	47	Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Satellite ID 3	22	Range is 1-32
Elevation 3	41	Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 3	069	Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 3		Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Satellite ID 4	13	Range is 1-32
Elevation 4	32	Elevation in degrees (0-90)
Azimuth 4	252	Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
SNR 4	45	Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
Checksum	*70
Terminator	CR/LF

e.      $GPRMC

Contoh datanya: $GPRMC,092204.999,A,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,0.00,89.68,211200,,*25

Tabel 2.6 $GPRMC

Field	Contoh isi	Deskripsi
Sentence ID	$GPRMC
UTC Time	092204.999	hhmmss.sss
Status	A	A = Valid, V = Invalid
Latitude	4250.5589	ddmm.mmmm
N/S Indicator	S	N = North, S = South
Longitude	14718.5084	dddmm.mmmm
E/W Indicator	E	E = East, W = West
Speed over ground	0.00	Knots
Course over ground	0.00	Degrees
UTC Date	211200	DDMMYY
Magnetic variation		Degrees
Checksum	*25
Terminator	CR/LF

a.      $GPVTG

Contoh datanya : $GPVTG,89.68,T,,M,0.00,N,0.0,K*5F

Tabel 2.7 $GPVTG

Field	Contoh isi	Deskripsi
Sentence ID	$GPVTG
Course	89.68	Course in degrees
Reference	89.68	T = True heading
Course		Course in degrees
Reference	89.68	M = Magnetic heading
Speed	0.00	Horizontal speed
Units	N	N = Knots
Speed	0.00	Horizontal speed
Units	K	K = KM/h
Checksum	*5F
Terminator	CR/LF

Posted in: Data NMEA,GPS