4/12/2012 06:09:00 AM
E-rid
Global Positioning
System (GPS) atau sistem pemosisi global adalah sistem untuk
menentukan posisi di permukaan bumi dengan bantuan sinkronisasi sinyal satelit.
Sistem ini menggunakan 24 satelit yang mengirimkan sinyal gelombang
mikro ke Bumi. Sinyal ini diterima oleh
alat penerima di permukaan, dan digunakan untuk menentukan posisi, kecepatan,
arah, dan waktu.
Secara fisik GPS Receiver berupa integrated
circuit (IC) dan dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kepentingan, misalnya pada
mobil, kapal, pesawat terbang, pertanian dan lain-lain. GPS receiver
dapat diintegrasikan dengan komputer, laptop atau perangkat lain. GPS Receiver
memiliki output standar yang berisi informasi yang berhubungan dengan data-data
geografi. Standar format informasi tersebut diberi nama NMEA-0183.
NMEA-0183 adalah
standar kalimat laporan yang dikeluarkan oleh GPS
receiver. Standar NMEA memiliki banyak jenis bentuk kalimat laporan, di
antaranya :
$GPGGA
|
Global positioning system fixed
data
|
$GPGLL
|
Geographic position - latitude /
longitude
|
$GPGSA
|
GNSS DOP and active satellites
|
$GPGSV
|
GNSS satellites in view
|
$GPRMC
|
Recommended minimum specific GNSS
data
|
$GPVTG
|
Course over ground and ground
speed
|
a.
$GPGGA
Contoh datanya : $GPGGA,092204.999,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,1,04,24.4,19.7,M,,,,0000*1F
Tabel 2.2 $GPGGA
Field
|
Contoh isi
|
Deskripsi
|
Sentence ID
|
$GPGGA
|
|
UTC Time
|
092204.999
|
hhmmss.sss
|
Latitude
|
4250.5589
|
ddmm.mmmm
|
N/S Indicator
|
S
|
N = North, S = South
|
Longitude
|
14718.5084
|
dddmm.mmmm
|
E/W Indicator
|
E
|
E = East, W = West
|
Position Fix
|
1
|
0 = Invalid, 1 = Valid SPS, 2 =
Valid DGPS, 3 = Valid PPS
|
Satellites Used
|
04
|
Satellites being used (0-12)
|
HDOP
|
24.4
|
Horizontal dilution of precision
|
Altitude
|
19.7
|
Altitude in meters according to
WGS-84 ellipsoid
|
Altitude Units
|
M
|
M = Meters
|
Geoid Seperation
|
Geoid seperation in meters
according to WGS-84 ellipsoid
|
|
Seperation Units
|
M = Meters
|
|
DGPS Age
|
Age of DGPS data in seconds
|
|
DGPS Station ID
|
0000
|
|
Checksum
|
*1F
|
|
Terminator
|
CR/LF
|
b.
$GPGLL
Contoh datanya : $GPGLL,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,092204.999,A*2D
Tabel 2.3 $GPGLL
Field
|
Contoh isi
|
Deskripsi
|
Sentence ID
|
$GPGLL
|
|
Latitude
|
4250.5589
|
ddmm.mmmm
|
N/S Indicator
|
S
|
N = North, S = South
|
Longitude
|
14718.5084
|
dddmm.mmmm
|
E/W Indicator
|
E
|
E = East, W = West
|
UTC Time
|
092204.999
|
hhmmss.sss
|
Status
|
A
|
A = Valid, V = Invalid
|
Checksum
|
*2D
|
|
Terminator
|
CR/LF
|
c.
$GPGSA
Contoh datanya:
$GPGSA,A,3,01,20,19,13,,,,,,,,,40.4,24.4,32.2*0A
Tabel 2.4 $GPGSA
|
Field
|
Contoh isi
|
Deskripsi
|
|
Sentence ID
|
$GPGSA
|
|
|
Mode 1
|
A
|
A = Auto 2D/3D, M = Forced 2D/3D
|
|
Mode 1
|
3
|
1 = No fix, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D
|
|
Satellite used 1
|
01
|
Satellite used on channel 1
|
|
Satellite used 2
|
20
|
Satellite used on channel 2
|
|
Satellite used 3
|
19
|
Satellite used on channel 3
|
|
Satellite used 4
|
13
|
Satellite used on channel 4
|
|
Satellite used 5
|
|
Satellite used on channel 5
|
|
Satellite used 6
|
|
Satellite used on channel 6
|
|
Satellite used 7
|
|
Satellite used on channel 7
|
|
Satellite used 8
|
|
Satellite used on channel 8
|
|
Satellite used 9
|
|
Satellite used on channel 9
|
|
Satellite used 10
|
|
Satellite used on channel 10
|
|
Satellite used 11
|
|
Satellite used on channel 11
|
|
Satellite used 12
|
|
Satellite used on channel 12
|
|
PDOP
|
40.4
|
Position dilution of precision
|
|
HDOP
|
24.4
|
Horizontal dilution of precision
|
|
VDOP
|
32.2
|
Vertical dilution of precision
|
|
Checksum
|
*0A
|
|
|
Terminator
|
CR/LF
|
|
d.
$GPGSV
Contoh:GPGSV,3,1,10,20,78,331,45,01,59,235,47,22,41,069,,13,32,252,45*70
Tabel 2.5 $GPGSV
Field
|
Contoh isi
|
Deskripsi
|
Sentence ID
|
$GPGSV
|
|
Number of messages
|
3
|
Number of messages in complete
message (1-3)
|
Sequence number
|
1
|
Sequence number of this entry
(1-3)
|
Satellites in view
|
10
|
|
Satellite ID 1
|
20
|
Range is 1-32
|
Elevation 1
|
78
|
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
|
Azimuth 1
|
331
|
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
|
SNR 1
|
45
|
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ
(0-99)
|
Satellite ID 2
|
01
|
Range is 1-32
|
Elevation 2
|
59
|
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
|
Azimuth 2
|
235
|
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
|
SNR 2
|
47
|
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ
(0-99)
|
Satellite ID 3
|
22
|
Range is 1-32
|
Elevation 3
|
41
|
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
|
Azimuth 3
|
069
|
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
|
SNR 3
|
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ (0-99)
|
|
Satellite ID 4
|
13
|
Range is 1-32
|
Elevation 4
|
32
|
Elevation in degrees (0-90)
|
Azimuth 4
|
252
|
Azimuth in degrees (0-359)
|
SNR 4
|
45
|
Signal to noise ration in dBHZ
(0-99)
|
Checksum
|
*70
|
|
Terminator
|
CR/LF
|
e. $GPRMC
Contoh
datanya: $GPRMC,092204.999,A,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,0.00,89.68,211200,,*25
Tabel 2.6 $GPRMC
Field
|
Contoh isi
|
Deskripsi
|
Sentence ID
|
$GPRMC
|
|
UTC Time
|
092204.999
|
hhmmss.sss
|
Status
|
A
|
A = Valid, V = Invalid
|
Latitude
|
4250.5589
|
ddmm.mmmm
|
N/S Indicator
|
S
|
N = North, S = South
|
Longitude
|
14718.5084
|
dddmm.mmmm
|
E/W Indicator
|
E
|
E = East, W = West
|
Speed over ground
|
0.00
|
Knots
|
Course over ground
|
0.00
|
Degrees
|
UTC Date
|
211200
|
DDMMYY
|
Magnetic variation
|
Degrees
|
|
Checksum
|
*25
|
|
Terminator
|
CR/LF
|
a.
$GPVTG
Contoh
datanya : $GPVTG,89.68,T,,M,0.00,N,0.0,K*5F
Tabel 2.7 $GPVTG
Field
|
Contoh isi
|
Deskripsi
|
Sentence ID
|
$GPVTG
|
|
Course
|
89.68
|
Course in degrees
|
Reference
|
89.68
|
T = True heading
|
Course
|
Course in degrees
|
|
Reference
|
89.68
|
M = Magnetic heading
|
Speed
|
0.00
|
Horizontal speed
|
Units
|
N
|
N = Knots
|
Speed
|
0.00
|
Horizontal speed
|
Units
|
K
|
K = KM/h
|
Checksum
|
*5F
|
|
Terminator
|
CR/LF
|
